What Do We Call The Electoral College - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1660 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? As you are standing at the polls on that important Tuesday in November, every four years, most Americanrs believe they are voting for the next presidential candidate but they are voting for your slate of electors for your state. The electors who are appointed, are the ones who cast their ballots for the next presidential candidate. This process is called the Electoral College. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Do We Call The Electoral College" essay for you Create order The electoral college dates back to the founders who drew up the Constitution in 1787, the Founding Fathers seen this process as a compromise. Over the years, the process has not changed much. Many Americars feel that this process is unfair and changes are needed. Currently, there is a debate on whether the Electoral College is fair and if reform needs to happen. As Thomas Jefferson stated A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine. Going back in time, the Founding Fathers were not willing to allow ordinary citizens to vote for their president directly. They were afraid that the people would not be able to make a well-informed choice. They feared that the people would vote for the candidate from their own state, only. They decided that a selected group of people should select the president. The parties nominated candidates for president and vice president and then picked electors to vote for them. The person who received the most votes would become president and the second-place person would become vice president. This system lasted until the 1800s. That year it was decided that the system needed changing as there was a tie between two candidates. The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution (ratified in 1804) clarified the Electoral College procedur e. It stated that each elector would vote for one person for president and one vote for vice president. Before deciding on the Electoral College, the founders considered other solutions. They thought maybe Congress elects the president or just the State Legislature, or just to have a direct vote. The Founders believed this would solve the political issues and the best option would be creating the Electoral College, they stated it would balance the high-populated and low populated states and give compromise. Selecting the electors is a two-step process. Each Political party, Democratic and Republican, nominate electors at their state convention or congressional district. The electors are usually state elected officials, party leaders or people with a strong affiliation with the presidential candidates (National Archives and Records Administration Website, n.d.). In some states, they are picked by party leadership, leading to a more controlled process. State law determines how the electors are picked from each state. These potential electors are picked before the November General Election and the electors are not officially picked until election day (General Election). Under Article II of the Constitution, each state is allocated a number of electoral votes equal to its number of seats in Congress plus two for its Senators. The number of electoral votes each state is given is based on the United States census that is updated every ten years. These numbers determine the number of seats each state has in the United States House of representative. Each elector nominated gets to cast two votes, one for President and one for Vice President. The United States has a total of 538 electoral votes, one for every member of Congress and the Senate as well as 3 for Washington DC. The District of Columbia operates as a state for voting purposes (Geer, Schiller, Segal, Herrera, 2016). For a president candidate to become president they need to win a majority of 270 of the electoral votes (Geer, Schiller, Segal, Herrera, 2016). California has the most electoral votes, they have 55. Then we have Texas with 38 and Florida and New York with 29, these are the larger states that each candidate hopes to win (National Archives and Records Administration Website, n.d.). The candidates tend to campaign in these states because of the high electoral votes. Some states have much lower votes and the candidates do not usually campaign in these states. When the voters go to the polls and make their vote for the electors, this is called the popular vote. Itrs important to remember that our President is not chosen by the nation-wide pop ular vote, the total Electoral College vote determines the winner. In the Presidential Election in 2000, Albert Gore Jr. and George W. Bush the popular vote winner was Albert Gore Jr. and George W. Bush had the majority of electoral votes (National Archives and Records Administration Website, n.d.). Also, in the 2016 election, Donald J. Trump received fewer popular votes than Hilary Clinton, but received a majority of electoral votes (National Archives and Records Administration Website, n.d.). In 48 of the 50 states, the candidate who receives the most popular votes wins all that states electoral votes. This is called the winner-takes-all rule. Only two states do not follow the winner-takes-all rule. In Maine and Nebraska, the electoral votes are split among the candidates. In these two staters the winner receives two electoral votes and the winner of each congressional district receives one electoral. This system permits the electors to be awarded to more than one candidate. The November General Election is the first important step in naming our next President. As I stated earlier this is done on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The people go to the polls and cast their vote for their electors. After this day, the Governor of each State prepares seven original Certificates of Ascertainment listing the persons appointed as electors. Each certificate includes the names of the electors by the voters and the number of votes received. Each certificate must be signed by the Governor and carry the seal of the state. The winning electors meet in their state capitals on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December. This is the day they cast their vote for the president and vice president. The electors record their votes on six Certificates of Vote, which are paired with the six-remaining original Certificates of Ascertainment. They send the sealed results to Washington. On January 6th, the results are read in the presence of t he entire Congress. The winner of that Presidential election becomes official. On January 20th, the president-elect takes the oath of office as the President of the United States of America (National Archives and Records Administration Website, n.d.). There are many arguments and or debates on if the Electoral College should be changed or stayed the same. Many people state itrs an unfair process, small states get more power and its complicated and Americars do not want to vote because of that. Americanrs, think it is wrong for the winning party in a state be awarded all the electoral votes for that state. The winner may win a certain state by just a few popular votes. As stated earlier, the 2000 and 2016 election, the nation-wide popular vote is not necessary the winner of the election. When this happens, it can make voters feel their voice does not matter or count. People see this as unfair and think a new way of electing our president should be in place. Another complaint is how the parties do their campaigns and only focus on the larger states and ignore the smaller states. A few positive things about having the Electoral College, it directs more power to the states. The states are participating in the selection of ou r president by electing the electors and the Republican Verse Democrats structure creates more stability. The National Popular Vote (NPV) is trying to make changes to the Electoral College, they are trying to do the opposite of what the founders wanted. They want to make the presidential election only based on popular vote in-conjunction with the electoral college. They do not want to amend the Constitution but they ask the states to sign a contract to give their presidential electors to the winner of the national popular vote instead of the staters popular vote. The National Popular Vote bill currently has passed in a total of 36 state legislative chambers in 23 states and 12 states have enacted it into law (National Popular Vote Website, n.d., para. 2). This bill ensures that every vote, in every state, will matter in every presidential election (National Popular Vote Website, n.d., para. 9). If this fully passes, they are taking away each staters individual sovereignty. We are the United States of America and each state is sovereign, one union. Another suggestion on reforming the Electoral College is direct election with instant runoff voting (IRV). Instant runoff voting (IRV) could be used for Presidential elections with or without the Electoral College. With a direct vote, voters would rank their preferences rather than marking only one candidate. Then, when the votes are counted, if no single candidate has a majority, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. The ballots are then counted again, this time tallying the second-choice votes from those ballots indicating the eliminated candidate as the first choice. The process is repeated until a candidate receives a majority. The issues with this type of voting, some voters would be disenfranchised in the final selection. This would be due to the fact of exhausted votes by the process of elimination of the lowest scoring candidate based on preference of the voters (Fair Vote Website, n.d.). As a citizen in the United States everyone has a right, duty and responsibility to make their voice heard. The Electoral College protects the people from the people and understanding how the Electoral College began and why the Founding Fathers decided this was the best option for our country gives a new appreciation for the process. The American creed is laid out in the Declaration of Independence, which outlines the basic tents of democracy, the self-evident truths upon which democracy in the United States is based and which have been continuously professed since the founding (Maisel, 2016, p. 26).

International Market Expansion - 1770 Words

There are always business risk when it comes to expanding a company, especially from an international standpoint. There are many strategic risk that needs to be evaluated in order to expand the company successfully. Examining the possible risk of foreign currency exposure, basic functions of international banking/financial market, support of long term financing of operations, and assessment of opportunities that can be implemented within the company. There are risk on three dimensions of international finance, economic trends of the country, impact of globalization and monetary system. All of these situations will be discussed in this paper. Bose Corporation continuously look for new opportunities to expand their product portfolio.†¦show more content†¦It is important for investors to consider and understand the changes of influence foreign exchange market have on the stocks. So the investors need to know the currency exposure of the company portfolio. Bose has a strong international presence. The company makes all kind of technological devices for all the major markets in United States (US), Europe, Canada, Australia, Asia, the Central America and South America (Bose Corporation Swat Analysis, 2013). The establishment of Bose company being an internationally market is already there, and currency/transaction exposure can affect the company. Bose Corporation sells automotive systems for vehicle manufacturers, professional audio products for musicians, noise reduction products for pilots, material testing instruments for universities and products for homebuilding and remodeling. The organization is diverse in their products and selling them outside of its home country will cause currency exposure. It is best to prepare a strategic plan for currency exposure of Bose products, due to the transactions risk faced by companies involved in international trade. Completing financial obligations after a trade has been made will decrease the currency and fluctuations of exchange rates. This involves the exposure of assets, stocks and the sensitivity of asset return within the corporation. What will be discussed are additional information on international market.Show MoreRelatedRetailers and International Markets: Motives for Expansion4800 Words   |  20 PagesRetailers and International Markets: Motives for Expansion Nicholas Alexander University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK International retailing is not a new phenomenon. The Woolworths operation, for example, was introduced into the United Kingdom from the United States in the first decade of the twentieth century. Neither is international retailing limited to a few countries; many of Europe s leading retailers have multinational interests. The French group Carrefour has operations in other EuropeanRead MoreInternational Business Expansion: Two Markets, One Product1881 Words   |  8 PagesConclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 7. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 TITLE: A case of international expansion of two markets and one product. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the years, the nature and dynamics of Guysuco Company’s engagement with the overseas markets have gone through a shift. 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Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation - 2500 Words

Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves and why they acted the way they did, there is always an opportunity for them to change. Adolescents don’t have the same thought process as adults. They tend to react emotionally, so if their emotions are flying high, adolescents aren’t always able†¦show more content†¦Of course if probation is handed down by a judge, it should really fit the crime. In the end with the evidence presented and the background or history of the offender being a factor, it’s still the judge that makes the fina l decision. There are many cases though where the offender receiving just probation doesn’t fit the crime. Such as the case of the state vs. Ethan Couch. He killed four people while driving under the influence and only received 10 years probation. His defense claimed the teen suffered from â€Å"affluenza† and the judge called the teen a victim in need of treatment (CNN.com, 2013). Many debates and petitions have already started circulating about getting the verdict overturned and even having the judge removed from the bench. The general public knows and had voiced that if this teen was from a middle class or poor family, he would have been sent directly to jail. But with these courtroom ‘players’, this is an example of a judge and a defense lawyer believing rehabilitation and counseling will help a teen turn his life around. As long as the juvenile follows the conditions that were handed down to them, and does not commit any other crimes, then they will e ventually be taken off probation. In that case it’s all up to the juvenile to change their ways. Many say this is the best method for rehabilitation, especially if the juvenile checks in their probation officer or counselors when they are supposed to. Some believe rehabilitation isShow MoreRelatedCjs 240 Intro to Juvenile Justice the Juvenile Justice Systems Need to Focus on Rehabilitation1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation The Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation Amanda R. Molnar Axia College of the University of Phoenix The Juvenile Justice System Needs to Focus on Rehabilitation The juvenile justice system has long been in debate over whether its focus should be rehabilitation or punishment. 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United States Presidential Leadership Styles...

United States Presidential Leadership Styles: Mid-Twentieth Century Presidents look inward and upward to know what to do, and what makes up their inner beings, not their outer, are what really matter to the people they lead. Presidents have powerful motives, both personal and patriotic, that help them to commit to the highest office in our country even when their decisions are not popular. According to Thomas, (2012) we must try to remember that the most important decisions a President makes in a crisis, with the clock ticking, are lonely ones, and a wrong judgment about the enemy could mean destruction of thousands of lives. The Eisenhower and Kennedy presidencies in the mid-twentieth century can be evaluated to compare their effectiveness or ineffectiveness as president, contrast their leadership styles, and explain the importance of direct leadership of the President to the people of the United States. Eisenhower, the general, was honored for winning the Great War, but was most proud of not fighting one. Ike, as he was called from childhood, understood that there can be power in mystery and was known for operating by indirection, doing one thing while seeming to say another. He had an innate ability to focus on the main issue without distraction and possessed an ability to delegate responsibility trusting the people to whom he delegated. Following the French defeat in 1954, his administration blocked reunification and began to build up South Vietnam, both economicallyShow MoreRelatedAn Examination of Americas Two Party System Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesAn Examination of Americas Two Party System Democracy in the United States is based on the indirect representation of the people by elected officials who are usually chosen by direct vote. 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Methamphetamine abuse Free Essays

Methamphetamine abuse is a major problem in the United States, as it increases spreads from Western parts of the country to other parts. With its root in the Hawaii, it has gradually spread to the Southern and Mid-west part of the states; and is increasingly associated with unsafe and frivolous behaviors that predispose to transmission of infectious diseases like hepatitis B and C, and even the dreaded virus, HIV.   Of course, the later condition makes it more worrisome for the government, health care workers and Drug agency. We will write a custom essay sample on Methamphetamine abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is associated with brain damage, serious cardiovascular disorder, behavioral changes, psychotic symptoms, depression, and deleterious effects in pregnant women. This is a situation where an individual consumes methamphetamine in quantities that are above a therapeutic abuse, without prescription, and for unsolicited personal gains. It presents with short term gains such as euphoria accompanied by rush, high level of activity and increased attention. Methamphetamine is used as therapeutic drug in attention deficit syndrome, and is used to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder. Methamphetamine is a Schedule II stimulant. This implies that it had a high addiction tendency and increased potential for abuse. Although it is only available through a prescription that can not be refilled, it is abused by many within the country. Most of these are man aged 18-25white. Etiology The cause of this abuse can not be divorced fro the use of drug for personal or group work. In most cases of abuses [ if not all], methamphetamine is taken as a   neuroactive stimulant to produce short term effects in the individual. Such effects include: euphoria, rush, increase rate of breathing, Increased attention and concentration, Increased activity and wakefulness, reduced appetite and decreased fatigue. It also increases libido. These short term advantages are associated with a good feeling in the user. Besides, it does not last long enough, and as a compensatory mechanism, methamphetamine drub users and chronic abuser engage in continual use of drug, increased consumption frequency. Sometimes, they take high dose of the drug to increase the effect of the drug on their behavior such as improved sexual performance, better attention and increased tendency to work better and more effectively. Methamphetamine comes in a variety of forms. It can be smoked, snorted, injected, or orally ingested. The method that is adopted by a region depends on the cultural behaviour with respect to other abused drugs and the pattern of choice has changed over time. Of these methods, smoking is commonest because of its faster rate of absorption into the brain to produce the desired effects. One other factor that contributes to Methamphetamine abuse is that it is e readily available at local clandestine laboratories. Although it is manufactured by foreign specialized laboratories, the ingredients for its manufacture are readily available over the counter at affordable prices; as a result, it is produced for local use. This contributes greatly to its widespread use. Pathogenesis Methamphetamine is similar to amphetamine but they do not share essentially the same properties of site of action. It is particularly similar to dopamine structurally. Its primary site of action is the brain.   Although t shares certain similar behavioral and physiological effects with cocaine, it is different from it in its mechanism of action. It has a high retention rate in the body. This implies that is not readily eliminated from the system via excretion or detoxification in the liver. Since its primacy site of action is the brain, its absorption and long stay in there increase its stimulant action. Central to this action is the fact it increases the levels of the brain chemical dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in emotional motivation, pleasure, and motor function.   Methamphetamine blocks dopamine re-uptake, while increasing the release of dopamine, leading to much higher concentrations in the synapse, which can be toxic to nerve terminals. This has an implication in chronic abusers, their increased frequency of consumption or ingestion of higher concentration potentates these effects and makes dopamine readily available for its deleterious effects on neurons. Clinical Features The symptoms of methamphetamine abuse and sign elicited on examination arise from the euphoria of short term effect, and the toxic effects of dopamine by virtue of long term use. The short term effects have been mentioned earlier. The long term effects are usually negative: one of such is addiction. Association with chronic consumption of the methamphetamine is increased tolerance for the substance. This creates a preparatory ground for addiction. Other symptoms seen in chronic abusers of methamphetamine include anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, and violent behavior. They also can display a number of psychotic features, including paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations, and delusions.   Memory Loss, Aggressive or violent behavior, Mood disturbances, severe dental problems, Weight loss also form part of features seen in this category of people. Treatment The alarming rate of spread of methamphetamine indulgence across the nations is worrisome for health care providers. It is equally a headache for every member of the community interested in safe sexual behavior, peace and progress; those averse towards violence and communal clashes which have been associated with methamphetamine abuse. In the midst of this sad picture emerges the god news that methamphetamine abuse can both be prevented and more interestingly treated. Since the disorder includes brain damage which presents in functional and behavioral disturbances, the treatment options available are targeted at these. Treatment of methamphetamine intoxication is primarily supportive. Treatment of methamphetamine abuse is behavioral; cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, and the Matrix Model have proven effective. Treatments by use of drugs are under investigation. REFERENCES Winslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA., Methamphetamine abuse. Swedish Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Littleton, Colorado 80121, USA. http://www.drugabuse.gov/about/organization/cewg/pubs.html. http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Methamph Injury associated with methamphetamine use: A review of the literature Hawaii Med J. 1997;56:34–6, 44. [PubMed]; Murray JB. Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. J Psychol. 1998;132:227–237. †¦ www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1448174 Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. From: The Journal of Psychology | Date: 3/1/1998 | Author: Murray, John B. †¦ www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-20565391.html Thomas Ernst, PhD, Linda Chang, MD, Maria Leonido–Yee, MD and Oliver Speck, PhD Evidence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/1344 Methamphetamine Abuse During Pregnancy: Outcome and Fetal Effects BERTIS B. LITTLE, MA, PhD, LAURA M. SNELL, MPH and LARRY C. GILSTRAP, III, MD ttp://acogjnl.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/72/4/541    How to cite Methamphetamine abuse, Essay examples

Case Study- Ajay Mahajan (Appendicitis)

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Ajay Mahajan (Appendicitis). Answer: Appendix is a narrow blind ended pouch that extends from inferior part of the large intestines cecum. It is about four inches long, located in right iliac region (Waugh, 2015). The sub mucosa layer of the appendix has lymphoid tissue masses which implies that it play a role in our immune system. Few suggest that it stores beneficial bacteria and helps in re-booting the digestive tract after an illness whereas others suggest that it is a vestigial organ and serves no purpose (Waugh, 2015). Appendix often gets inflamed of its inner lining and parts called as appendicitis (Lewis, 2013). Its incidence is high among pediatrics caused by an infection (Marilyn, 2015). Due to a bacterial/ viral infection, the inner lining of appendix gets inflamed and lymphoid tissue swells. This obstructs the appendiceal lumen and so increases intra luminal pressure and causes continuous secretion and stagnation of fluids and mucus. It leads to distention of the appendix and multiplication of bacteria that stimulates production of white blood cells to fight against the infection. This increases body temperature as Mr. Ajay manifests (Martin, 2014). This also causes formation of pus which again increases intra luminal pressure causing severe increasing abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting as Mr. Ajay manifests. If obstruction increases further above that of the appendiceal veins, venous outflow obstruction occur leading to ischemia. This causes loss of epithelial integrity allowing invasion of bacteria into the wall. After few hours, thrombosis may develop in the appendicular artery and veins, leading to formation of abscess causing gangrene (Lewis, 2013) and perforation in 24-36 hours (Hinkle, 2014). Finally the appendix ruptures and infected material spills into the abdominal cavity causing peritonitis which is a life threatening condition requiring immediate surgery to remove appendix (Hinkle, 2014, Bennington, 2014). Mr. Ajay was febrile due to ruptured appendix. If untreated, affects the homeostasis of the patient leading to septic shock and death. The only option in appendicitis is removal of appendix called appendectomy which is done by two methods. Laproscopic appendectomy involves making three incisions on the abdomen and insertion of tubes through each incision and removal of appendix is done. This could be feasible in developing countries as fewer narcotics are used (Ali, 2011, Smink, 2014). Laproscopy is best performed but it takes more time and is costly (Kahil, 2011, Ohtani, 2012).In certain cases open appendectomy is performed in which appendix is removed through a single large incision. It is mostly done in case of ruptured appendix (Wong, 2012). Laproscopy was planned for Mr. Ajay but then converted to open type due to ruptured appendix which was supported by a study that 14.7% needs conversion (Ali, 2011). 2. Assessment of ventilation, circulation and consciousness prior to patients discharge from PARU Mr. Ajay should be assessed for airway patency by checking position of tongue and presence of secretions as he produces snoring sound. He should be assessed for rate, rhythm, depth and pattern of respiration as it is decreased due to anesthetic effects. The forcefulness of exhaled air should be assessed by placing cupped hand over the patients nose and mouth (Lewis, 2013). He should be observed for symmetry of chest wall movement which helps to detect improper ventilation. Note for the use of accessory and abdominal muscles during respiration to rule out respiratory distress. Auscultate the breath sounds to indentify obstructed airway. He is known asthmatic and so note for the presence of wheezes and crackles which indicates bronchospasm. Connect pulse oximetry to oxygen saturation as the PaO2 is 96% (Wong, 2012). Note the characteristics of sputum and mucus to identify pulmonary edema. Monitor vital signs once in every 15 minutes to understand the progress of the patient. To determine the stability of the patient compare the pre and post operative vital signs. The pulse pressure should be noted. Cardiac monitor should be connected (Lewis, 2013). Note for cyanosis and dehydration by assessing the color, moisture and temperature of the skin. He has hypotension, rapid pulse, cold, clammy skin indicating progressing hypovolemic shock (Hinkle, 2014). He is in semiconscious state, so assess his level of consciousness, orientation to place, person and time, memory and ability to follow instructions. Assess for size and equal reactivity of the pupil to know the motor and sensory status. Effects of anesthesia and surgery on ventilation, circulation and consciousness Anesthesia is defined as a total or partial loss of consciousness (Douglas, 2012). There are various types as general, local, regional anesthesia and conscious sedation. For Mr. Ajay open appendectomy was done under general anesthesia in which there is loss of sensation, unconsciousness, skeletal muscles relaxation, inability to feel pain and eliminating responses like coughing, vomiting, gagging and sympathetic nervous system responsiveness (Lewis, 2013). Mr. Ajay produced snoring sound which is more common in post operative period due to airway compromise caused by obstruction, hypoxemia and hypoventilation. It was supported by Hedenstirena in 2012 that anesthesia affects respiration causing changes in matching of alveolar ventilation, lung perfusion and oxygenation of arterial blood. There will be a fall in resting lung volume and reduction of functional residual capacity occurs due to loss of muscle tone caused by anesthesia. This fall causes closure of airway leading to alveolar collapse (atelectasis). He is a heavy smoker and substance abuser, so is at high risk for developing airway obstruction (Lewis, 2013). In case of decreased consciousness, the tongue falls back due to flaccid muscles and blocks the airway (Hinkle, 2014). The base of the tongue falls backward against the soft palate and occludes the pharynx which is mostly present in supine position causing snoring sound (Lewis, 2013). He develops snoring due to obstruction of airway. Obstruction is caused by the retained thick secretions due to stimulation by anesthetic agents (Hinkle, 2014). Due to irritation of larynx by anesthetic agents and endotracheal tube, laryngeal edema and laryngospasm may occur (Douglas, 2012). He had snoring which could also be due to hypoxemia caused by alveolar collapse. He also has hypotension with blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg due to bronchial obstruction caused by retained secretions and manifests decreased breath sounds and oxygen saturation. It also develops in case of hypoxemia and low cardiac output due to suppression of respiratory centre. Mr. Ajay is in semiconscious state due to the effect of anesthesia. This may cause aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs causing closure of airways. This is a serious emergency by causing dyspnea, tachypnea and decreased oxygen saturation. It is common among asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder patients. As Mr. Ajay is known asthmatic, he is at risk for developing bronchospasm causing snoring sound. Mr. Ajay has decreased respiratory rate-10 breaths/min, Blood pressure-90/50 mmHg and Oxygen saturation- 94% as he has hypoventilation which is a common complication in the post anesthetic period. This is evidenced by a study conducted by Saraswat in 2015. It occurs as a result of medullary depression and poor muscle tone of respiratory muscles (Lewis, 2013). He has hypotension with blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg due to unreplaced fluid and blood losses during surgery (Hinkle, 2014). He is infused with 1 L Normal Saline for 6 hours to replace fluid and maintain homeostasis. He is drowsy as anesthesia depresses central nervous system. He felt cold with body temperature 35C due to the loss of heat from exposed body organs to outside air and so Bair Hugger warmer was applied. He felt pain due to surgical manipulation (Lewis, 2013). 3. Discharge involves leaving of the patient from the hospital or any other health care setting to the home or is transferred to another setting (Douglas, 2012). Discharge should be planned from the time of return of patient from operating room and should be based on physicians order. Discharge planning is a multidisciplinary process that involves action by various health care professionals. This ensures that the patient has a plan for continuing care after leaving the hospital (Douglas, 2012). For Mr. Ajay, the discharge plan should include description of clients condition at discharge, current medication to take, diet modifications, activity level, restrictions, incision care, planned appointment at the physicians office and signs and symptoms of complications or drug reactions to be observed. At the time of discharge, he should be explained about his condition and the entire course of treatment. Advice to quit smoking as it may delay wound healing process and may irritate the incision area. Instruct to avoid use of drugs as it may affect the healing process and respiratory effort in post anesthetic period. The patient should be advised as not to take pain medications unnecessarily without the prescription of doctor. Demonstrate the pain management techniques such as splinting the incision with pillows during coughing and sneezing to prevent removal of sutures (Lewis, 2013). Instruct the patient to perform deep breathing exercise to promote ventilation. Advice the patient to take semi fowlers position as it relieves abdominal tension and prevents pain (Vera, 2013). Instruct Mr. Ajay to avoid bending, moving and lifting heavy objects as it may irritate the incision site and lead to removal of sutures. Advice the patient to take a small and frequent diet meal with high calories initially. Ask him to increase the amount of food gradually as tolerated. Instruct to take fluids at least 2-3 L/ day to compensate fluid and blood losses during surgery and also to prevent constipation. Normal activities could be resumed as early as possible (after 5 days) and can plan for alternate periods of rest and activities. This promotes normalization of organ function and stimulates peristalsis (Vera, 2013). Demonstrate the techniques of wound care. Instruct the patient to follow up after 10 days to note the progress of the patient. Inform him to consult the physician in between in case of complications such as increased body temperature, vomiting, severe pain, bleeding in incision site, weight loss or changes in bowel and bladder function. References Ali, S.M. (2011). Laproscopy versus open appendectomy: Saudi Journal of gastroenterology. 17 (4). Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov PMC3023097. Appendectomy: (2014). Surgical removal of the appendix. American College of Surgeons. https://search2. facs.org/search?q=appendectomysa=searchsite=my_collection client=my_collectionproxystylesheet=my_collectionoutput=xml_no_dtd. Appendicitis. (2014). National Institute of Diabetes mellitus and digestive and kidney diseases. Retrieved from https:// digestive. niddk.nih.gov/diseases /pubs/appendicitis. Bennington, C. (2014). Ruptured appendix: Everyday health. Retrieved from www.everydayhealth.comguiderupt. Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. (4th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Hedenstirena, G. (2012). Respiratory Function During Anesthesia: Effects On Gas Exchange. 2 (1). doi: 10.1002/cphy.c080111. Hinkle, J.L. (2014). Brunners and Suddarths Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. (13th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Kahil, j. (2011). Laproscopy versus open appendectomy: A comparison of primary outcome measures: Saudi Journal of gastroenterology. Retrieved from https://www.saudijgastro.com/text.asp? Lewis, S.M., Heitkemper, M. M., Dirksen, S.R. (2013). Medical Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. (9th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Martin, R.F. (2014). Acute appendicitis: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate. com/home. Ohtani, H. (2012). Meta- analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials that compared Laproscopic and open Surgery for acute appendicitis: Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery. 16(10), 1929-1939. doi:10.1007/s11605-012-1972-9 Saraswat,V. (2015). Effects of anesthesia techniques and drugs: Indian Journal of Anesthesia. 59(9). Retrieved from www.ijaweb.orgarticle. Smink, D. (2014). Acute appendicitis: management. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate. com/home. Vera, M. (2013). 4 Appendectomy Nursing Care Plans- Nurse Labs. Retrieved from nurses labs. com Nursing care plans. Waugh, A. (2015). Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness. (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. Wong, L. (2013). Wongs Essentials of pediatric nursing. (9th ed.). Churchill livingstone: Elsevier.

Cultural Immersion free essay sample

How does your search through the literature and internet impact your expectations as you plan your group immersion activities (Part 2 of the Cultural Immersion Project)? [about 200 words] 5. In APA style, list the scholarly sources and internet/media sources that you used for this part of the immersion project. Next, you will share some of your experience in the Cultural Immersion Project Part 1 Forum. Discuss with your group some of the most interesting things you found in your reading and internet/media search. Also, describe any challenges you anticipate in the remainder of the project (Parts 2 and 3). Do not attach your paper. Students do not open attachments in Discussion Board posts. Rather, share what you found interesting in your search. Interact with at least two classmates who explored a different culture. Your thread (about 350 words) is due by 11:59 p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Immersion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page m. (ET) on Thursday, and your replies (about 200 words each) are due by 11:59 p. m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 2. *Please note that the research you do for Part 1 amp; Part 2 are necessary for the completion of Part 3. Organize all the notes and references you have gathered thus far to enable you to easily accomplish the final part of this project. This part involves scholarly resources and internet/media resources related to the culture you will be exploring. The culture may be a different ethnicity, religion, cultural group, or have other significantly different cultural features (e. g. , the elderly in nursing homes, disabled children, disabled adults, the homeless, prisoners, etc. ). As a reminder, you cannot select a cultural group that you have had previous experience with. For example, if you’ve interacted with many Cubans previously, you cannot do the Cuban culture for your immersion project. This also applies to your cultural background. For example, if you are a White student from an Irish background, you cannot do your immersion project on the Irish culture since you will already be exploring the Irish culture as part of your cultural family background paper. No double-dipping. The culture you select must by new for you. For parts 2 and 3, you will also need to be able to participate in cultural group activities and interview a person from your selected cultural group. (See parts 2 and 3 handouts for information on those later activities). You will read 3 scholarly resources on your cultural population of interest (must be dated 2005 or later). A pertinent unassigned chapter from McGoldrick may count as one of these sources; however, the Hays and Erford text chapters may not count as a source. You must also use the internet or media to examine at least 3 significant media resources related to the culture. For example, on the internet, you may find the following culturally useful and prominent types of sources: * online newspapers from the country * internet radio broadcasts * music of the country/group * movies or videos * culturally-specific online magazines or websites * organizations You will answer the questions below. This is not a paper. There is no need for a title page, abstract, citations, or a reference page. First person may be used in your answers. A rough word estimate is beside each question. The quality of your answer is more important than the